A Neo-Assyrian Amulet of the Monstrous Guardian Humbaba, ca. 8th century BCE

Humbaba is a figure from ancient Mesopotamian mythology, specifically from the Epic of Gilgamesh, one of the oldest known works of literature. He is depicted as a fearsome giant and the monstrous guardian of the Cedar Forest, which is sacred to the gods. Numerous depictions of Humbaba were made in the early 1st millennium BCE, including this carved bone pendant that portrays the giant's fearsome face, a grimacing mouth, and staring eyes.  There is a perforated suspension lug at the top center, allowing the amulet to be worn.

Background:  In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Humbaba is described as a monstrous and terrifying being, with a voice that can cause natural disasters and a face that could strike fear into anyone who gazes upon it.  With his fearsome presence and immense power, Humbaba serves as a barrier for the hero Gilgamesh and his companion Enkidu during their journey to the forest, where they seek to cut down trees for the glory of their king, Gilgamesh. Despite his fearsome nature, Humbaba is ultimately defeated by Gilgamesh and Enkidu, with the aid of the sun god Shamash. This event is one of the key moments in the Epic of Gilgamesh, representing themes of heroism, mortality, and the consequences of defying the will of the gods.

Dimensions:  Height:  1 inch (2.5 cm)

Condition:  The amulet is intact and in very good condition overall.  It has been strung as a pendant on an 18K yellow gold chain adjustable up to 18 inches.

Provenance:  Elias S. David (1891-1969) private collection and then by descent.  Thereafter private NYC. collection, acquired from Christie’s Dec. 9, 2015, lot 161 (part).