哥斯达黎加绿石斧神吊坠,古典时期早期,约公元 100 - 600 年
PJ2127
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这款吊坠由斑驳的绿石雕刻而成,经过高度抛光,描绘的是一只角鸮的头部,眼睛鼓鼓,瞳孔小而凹陷,眉毛隆起,羽毛簇生,喙呈三角形,翅膀折叠在前面,颈部有一个孔,用于悬挂。背面有一个中央脊或隔膜,表明这只凯尔特人纵向分裂成两个半凯尔特人。
哥斯达黎加玉石吊坠通常为“斧神”造型,其中雕刻有动物、人物或两者组合的肖像,置于抛光斧头或凯尔特斧形状的光滑刀刃之上,并横向钻孔以便悬挂。 这些凯尔特不是实用武器,而是官职、地位或氏族归属的徽章,作为吊坠佩戴在身上。这些备受推崇的吊坠特意被设计成实用的斧头或凯尔特的形状,以此来彰显农业和林业中使用的工具的重要性。
斧头神经常被描绘成美洲虎、蝙蝠和鸟类等动物的上半身,如图所示;或者,他们被描绘成戴着动物面具的人类,或以动物分身出现的萨满,这可能是这种情况。猫头鹰和美洲虎一样,对萨满来说很重要——它们象征着萨满所拥有的许多特征。猫头鹰是夜行动物,在黑暗中旅行和狩猎。人们还相信萨满会在夜间“旅行”到另一个世界并进行精神战斗。 此外,猫头鹰是通往另一个世界的管道,被视为帮助萨满与灵魂联系并利用其力量的助手。
参考文献:Stone-Miller,Rebecca,《用新眼光看:迈克尔·C·卡洛斯博物馆古代美洲艺术收藏精选》,亚特兰大:埃默里大学(2002 年),第 150 - 154 页。
尺寸:高度:2 1/2 英寸(6.4 厘米)
状况:后边缘有几个小碎片,但其余完好且状况良好。
出处:米尔塔·弗吉尼亚·德佩雷亚 (1929 - 2019) 哥斯达黎加艺术私人收藏。 德佩雷亚女士的整个 48 年职业生涯都在哥斯达黎加驻华盛顿特区大使馆度过,从秘书做起,晋升为文化参赞兼领事。她是一位热心的艺术赞助人,在她的整个职业生涯中,她推广了众多当地艺术家,并赞助了许多文化活动。她还收藏了大量令人印象深刻的拉丁美洲艺术品。1999 年退休后,她成为美国公民,并通过加入华盛顿国家歌剧院妇女委员会和其他地方团体,继续支持艺术。
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