希腊青铜棋子,希腊化时期,约公元前 4 世纪至公元前 2 世纪
GB1806
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这种形似指节骨的青铜重物被称为距骨。
在古希腊, “astragalus”一词指的是通常来自绵羊的椎骨和踝骨(腕骨和跗骨)。这些骨头或astragaloi被用作游戏棋子,被认为是骰子的前身。历史学家和考古学家使用astragalus一词来指代用动物骨头玩的赌博游戏。(《世纪未删节词典》,1889 年)
罗马人称其为 taxilli(单数:taxillus)的骰子既可用于赌博,也可用于决策。虽然尚未得到证实,但人们认为这些早期的骰子曾用于“抽签”,即根据随机机会制定行动方案。最广为人知的例子是圣经中罗马士兵在基督被钉十字架时抽签决定基督长袍的故事。
抛掷标记骨头的做法不仅被古希腊人和罗马人使用,而且显然可以追溯到我们最早的祖先。在《随机性的起源》一书中,黛安·马蒂奥斯 (2002) 指出,“骰子和距骨也用于占卜和占卜,以传达神的愿望。”
参见:希律王。 1, 94;富人。亚历克斯·德堡,11,6; Hampe R. Die Stele aus Pharsalos,107。柏林温克尔曼计划,柏林 1951 年,第 14 页。 18; Peters BG 黑海古代国家的骨头加工。莫斯科,1986 年,第 14 页。 78-84,表。十六、十七; Becq de Fouquieres L.《古代游戏》。巴黎,1869 年,第 17 页。 51-54; Schmidt E. Spielzeug 和 Spiele der Kinder im klassischen Altertum,迈宁根,1971 年;戴维森 GR 科林斯,第十二卷,小物体。普林斯顿,1952 年,第 222 页;希斯皮里亚,XVI,1947 年,第 241 页,图版。 LXI;提洛岛,XVIII,第 332f 页;罗宾逊,奥林图斯发掘,X,第 502-504 页。
相关示例请参见大都会博物馆青铜黄连木,编号:X.229(https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/256765)
状况:完好,整体状况非常好。
尺寸:长度:1 英寸(2.5 厘米),高度:1/2 英寸
出处:前身为乔尔·L·马尔特 (Joel L. Malter) 收藏 #1103,后为保罗·贝西 (Paul Bessey) 收藏。
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